γ線照射処理した Picea abies の仮道管壁の構造

When a wood specimen (Picea abies (L.) KARST) was γ-irradiated (655 Mrad), microfibrillar texture as seen in the untreated wood was still clearly observed by replica on the surface of the tracheid, while this wood became non-crystalline with X-ray diffractioIn. In transverse and longitudinal sections of the tracheid in γ-irradiated wood microfibrils were observed by the method of block negative staining with uranyl acetate. The disintegration of γ-irradated wood produced many short broken microfibrils. The above facts indicate that γ-irradiation produces many defects even within the crystalline region of microfibrils while retaining their original shapeγ線照射 (655 Mrad) 処理材 〔Picea abies (L.) KARST〕 のX線回折図では結晶性ピークを示さないのに, 電子顕微鏡でレプリカ法により観察すると, 仮道管内壁面には顕著なミクロフィブリルの配向がみられた。本報では, γ線処理材の仮道管にみられるこのようなミクロフィブリル像の実体を明らかにしようとした。γ線処理材を酢酸ウラニルでブロック負染色法により電子顕微鏡観察すると, 仮道管の横断面・縦断面ともにミクロフィブリルが白い斑点状 或いは線状に存在することが確認された。さらにこの試料を解体して観察すると, 短破片状のミクロフィブリルがみられた。以上の結果から, このγ線処理材においては, ミクロフィブリル中に多くの結晶欠陥が存在するが, なおミクロフィブリルの形態は保持されているものと推定される

ポプラ二次師部における多室結晶細胞の壁の発達

Cell wall development of chambered crystalliferous cells in the secondary phloem of Populus euramericana is described. These cells were differentiated from parenchyma strands which contacted with phloem fiber groups. A crystal was formed in a vacuole surrounded by tonoplast in each chamber. Then, the secondary wall deposition of chambered crystalliferous cells began only at the part adjacent to phloem fibers forming a protruding fringe which encircled the crystal. When the vacuole disappeared, the crystal had been surrounded by the wall substance on all sides except that away from the fiber. The wall on the crystal surface was not formed by the growth of any protrusion of the secondary wall, but formed independently by the deposition of wall substance on the crystal surface. The secondary wall development was completed after filling up the space between the crystal-surface wall and the thickened side wall adjacent to phloem fiber with newly deposited wall. The crystal-surface wall must be deposited after the tonoplast surrounding the crystal is converted into the plasma membrane多室結晶細胞は分化中の師部繊維に接する柔細胞ストランドから分化した。結晶は最初液胞中に認められた。師部繊維が二次壁の堆積を始める頃, 結晶細胞壁の師部繊維側の部分で二次壁形成が始まり, 結晶を取巻くように壁の突出部が形成された。結晶を取囲む液胞が見えなくなると, 師部繊維と反対側の面を除きすべての結晶表面に壁の堆積が起こった。しかし, この壁は結晶細胞の壁の突出部が張出してきて結晶表面を被ったものではなかった。最後に結晶表面の壁と結晶細胞の師部繊維側に堆積した二次壁との間が, 新たに堆積してきた壁物質によって埋められ, 結晶は厚い細胞壁中に取込まれた状態となる。結晶表面の壁は, 結晶を取囲んでいた液胞膜が原形質膜に置換えられた後に形成されたものと考えられる

A Digital Self-Interference Cancellation Scheme for In-Band Full-Duplex-Applied 5G System and its Software-Defined Radio Implementation

The development of mobile communication technology toward 6G is difficult because the required spectrum resources have already been allocated to existing systems. Therefore, new communication systems must have high spectral efficiency to effectively utilize the available resources. This article proposes a digital self-interference (SI) canceller that can be applied to full-duplex cellular systems based on the current 5G signal format (5G-FDC) to introduce in-band full-duplex systems beyond 5G. Specifically, we reorganize the 5G demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and define a novel DMRS configuration, in which the DMRSs for uplink and downlink communications do not interfere with each other. The proposed DMRS configuration effectively improves the accuracy of the SI channel estimation. Moreover, we propose a channel extrapolation scheme that suppresses the channel estimation degradation, which deteriorates the block error rate performance. Additionally, we propose a noise estimation method to improve the low-density parity check decoding performance of the desired signal in 5G-FDC systems. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through computer simulations and experimentally by using our developed and implemented software-defined radio-based 5G-FDC prototype. Digital SI cancellation performances of 50 dB and 30.6 dB are observed in the simulation and experimental evaluations, respectively

Finite-mm scaling analysis of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transitions and entanglement spectrum for the six-state clock model

We investigate the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions for the square-lattice six-state clock model with the corner-transfer matrix renormalization group (CTMRG). Scaling analyses for effective correlation length, magnetization, and entanglement entropy with respect to the cutoff dimension $m$ at the fixed point of CTMRG provide transition temperatures consistent with a variety of recent numerical studies. We also reveal that the fixed point spectrum of the corner transfer matrix in the critical intermediate phase of the six-state clock model is characterized by the scaling dimension consistent with the $c=1$ boundary conformal field theory associated with the effective $Z_6$ dual sine-Gordon model.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

STUDY OF BODY’S ENERGY CHANGES IN NON-TOUCH ENERGY HEALING 3. SYNCHRONOUS CHANGES IN QI-ENERGY LEVELS BETWEEN HEALER AND SUBJECT DURING HYPNOTHERAPY HEALING

Continuous AMI measurement was performed simultaneously at 14 Jing-Well points of the healer’s left and right toes and 14 Jing-Well points of the subject’s left and right fingers for approximately 60 minutes comprising Control 1, Healing and Control 2. Four sessions were conducted with the same healer and subject under the same protocol. Acquired time series data were analyzed for the presence of the synchronous (i.e., correlation with no lag) changes by introducing a novel idea of Weighted Correlation Index Analysis (WCIA). The WCIA was performed for all possible pairs of healer’s foot meridians and subject’s hand meridians for each of the four sessions. Significantly correlated changes were found in three of the four sessions. In Session 3 statistically significant occurrences (p=0.02~2x10-7) of positively correlated changes were found in all the four pairs of healer’s left/right foot meridians and subject’s left/right hand meridians. In Session 1 statistically significant occurrences (p<0.005) of negatively correlated changes were also found in healer’s left foot and subject’s left hand meridian pairs. It was found that synchronous changes, positive or negative in correlation, occurred sporadically in varying degrees of correlation and magnitude during the period of healing and subsequent control. For cases of positively correlated changes significant deviation from expected frequency was found suggesting that healer’s Spleen and Urinary Bladder meridians appear most frequently (p~0.010)